Hierarchical Low-Carbon Economic Dispatch with Source-Load Bilateral Carbon-Trading Based on Aumann–Shapley Method

Introducing carbon trading is an essential way to decarbonize the power system. Many existing studies mainly consider source-side unilateral (UCT). However, there are still rare considering source-load bilateral (BCT). The effect of BCT on system-wide mitigation worth studying. To fill this research gap, a hierarchical low-carbon economic-dispatch model with based Aumann–Shapley method was proposed. In first layer, conducted minimize power-generation costs and carbon-trading costs. Then, carbon-emission flow (CEF) theory, actual load emissions can be obtained passed second layer. At demand-response optimization performed load-side Finally, proposed tested modified New England 39-bus IEEE 118-bus systems using MATLAB/YALMIP platform Gurobi solver. results indicate that effectively facilitate peak-load shifting, wind-power consumption, mitigation. Furthermore, compared models only or UCT, has obvious advantages in